This article is an attempt to bring into international law a perspective from the hard and soft sciences for discussing the formation of customary international law, specifically the study of critical mass in collective group behavior. The 9/11 attacks and their consequences were utterly unforeseen, and marked a turning point after which many important things in the world were never the same again. Grievances that have been tolerated for years can suddenly explode in anger. %���������

Although customary international law seems to be entirely a creature of state consent, after all it is based on actual practice, in reality the fit with state consent is loose at best.

Despite many other coffee contenders, the company’s transformation of its supply chain practices in the face of demand is still a success story worth telling. a.It is the control of monetary resources as they flow into an organization, are held by the organization, and flow out of the organization. Following this review of the science, the author will draw some implications for customary international law. Such sudden transformations can also happen in the class struggle. Probably the most commonly cited example of this is the change of water from a liquid to a gas, by increasing its temperature (although Engels also describes other examples from chemistry).

Critical mass can be a loose concept to simply describe the accumulation of small actions that result in large shifts in collective behavior; however, it is also an empirically-based scientific study that attempts to assess how those changes come about. To learn more, visit our Cookies page. Everyone can see that in a debate there is a contradiction and maybe the truth emerges from this clash of ideas. Three primary elements of social change will be identified: (1) the importance of the content of the norm, (2) the role of influence through networks, and (3) the role of key individuals, “opinion leaders” and “opinion diffusors”. Much of this went unremarked upon until the tipping point of 9/11 was reached and a qualitatively new situation became self-evident. How is it that history makes an unexpected leap forward? %PDF-1.3 w��YA��GqR�p���>uцމ?p��u�z�!o��Ygu���K�8φ\=u�Dw�3�:���u��F�Q�e^�ٶ{���vw �9+G�|v�\L��>�f�m�����_H�\T&Ťp}��~��#qj_�#�EQy1,�T��|EH)=s�hEZ�5$$�g�B,5��[˴PL��(�J�����s�ȡp��[៚�߸�L|��eW׸y'����\g�����v奡4$7ȵ���^�[!�ݸ�J�>o��� �>7+d�e�{o�?�*/$dSB�̮m&:3!�Z>�����,��V�ѡg��>���w�:���h��4��L��j���Q�f�"͏ٖ�l����mc��Gb,��Ӟ�ܲ�. The recession is hardly the only example in recent years of a sharp disruption to the flow of events. The origins of this term lie in Greek philosophy where "dialogue" - the clashing of two or more opposed points of view - was seen as the way to get at the truth. But what does this mean? Unable to move forward, the study of the formation of customary international law appears to have largely reached an impasse. b.It focuses on the processes an organization uses to transform resources into products or services. Water that rises in temperature by one degree at a time shows no dramatic change until it reaches boiling point when it "suddenly" becomes steam. c.It attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of technical resources before they enter an organization. Suggested Citation, P.O. Quality Transformation comprises a network of senior advisors that will support your business during the complete lifecycle of the transformation journey. But what does it mean to say that the economy or the state develops because of contradiction?

The gradual process of extending the subprime mortgages in the US, the deregulation of the banking industry and the long attack on working class living standards suddenly reached a critical point and tipped the whole system into a global crisis. Such events do not, by definition, happen every day. At that point its whole nature is transformed from being a liquid into a vapour. Posted: 29 Feb 2012 The state embodies its own contradictions. The job of report sponsors is to present scores in a way that makes them engaging, easy to understand, and easy to use. It is meant to represent everyone in society - but in reality it represents the interests of the economically dominant class. 2013] THE TRANSFORMATION OF QUANTITY INTO QUALITY 3 states still appear to support and apply customary international law as a source of law, so we are faced with an awkward situation of embracing a source of law that we do not understand well. In ‘Defining quality’ (Harvey & Green, 1993), quality as transformation is elaborated as follows: The transformative view of quality is rooted in the notion of ‘qualitative change’, a fundamental change of form.

Indeed this is a feature of many different sorts of change, even in the natural world. Engels states that while all. We can see the sudden eruption of the economic crisis in this way. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Capitalism, Karl Marx pointed out, rests on the contradiction between the collective production necessary to make the system function and the privatised accumulation of profit inevitable when a tiny elite own the factories, offices, banks and so on. x��k�ܶ���ϯ�Ǚ-�����X�K�Q$[Y�Z�����8�[R6��O�I�C�s��+U�A����/ ��k�M�kQ�fWt�]��r[�(^?�?�Po>[���.ݖu�c�Q5�b���v�z���T�Gw�����NP,����X�����O�� ��-��>&�-�M]�7�ƅ����b��Ŧ����M�+֧M��Ǯ��f����U��ݡ��M�{-$�n��z��� 1, 2013 78 Pages Posted: 29 Feb 2012 Last revised: 13 Apr 2013



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