The smallest species is the Galapagos fur seal, which grows to up to about 4 feet long and weighs about 85 pounds. Some species, like the Hawaiian monk seal and Mediterranean monk seal, remain very close to extinction. She serves as the executive director of the Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? In many cases, mother seals must be separated from their foraging grounds to take care of their offspring: if they can locate on ice, they can still feed and not abandon the pups, but on land, in groups called rookeries, they must limit their lactation periods so they can go without eating for a period of four or five days. Human threats to seals include pollution (e.g., oil spills, industrial pollutants, and competition for prey with humans). About 35 species of extant canids are currently recognized. Family Mephitidae (skunks and stink badgers) was once classified as mustelids, but are now recognized as a lineage in their own right. The family is currently divided into two major groups, the true dogs (tribe Canini), which includes nine genera, and the true foxes (tribe Vulpini) with two genera. Jennifer Kennedy, M.S., is an environmental educator specializing in marine life. Family Ursidae (bears) is the largest of all the land caniforms. The clade is currently divided into three families: Caniforms first appeared as tree-climbing, superficially marten-like carnivores in the Eocene around 42 million years ago. While support for the monophyly of pinnipeds is strong, the relationship of pinnipeds to terrestrial mammals is still unclear. They range from the large polar bear (males, 350–680+ kg or 775-1500+ lb) to the small sun bear (males, 30–60 kg or 66–132 lb) and from the endangered giant panda to the very common black bear. All Rights Reserved. These creatures spend most of their time in the water, especially for hunt, but also some of it on land. Seals and sea lions are in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedia, along with walruses. Like cetaceans, they conserve oxygen when diving by restricting blood flow to only vital organs and slowing their heart rates by about 50 percent to 80 percent. The northern elephant seal has one of the longest recorded migration distances for a mammal, at … Like many other early carnivorans, it was well suited for tree climbing with needle-sharp claws, and had limbs and joints that resemble those of modern carnivorans. The two skunk species in the genus Mydaus inhabit Indonesia and the Philippines; all other skunks inhabit the Americas from Canada to central South America. M. cognitus was probably a very agile forest dweller that preyed on smaller animals, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

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