Symbolic Representation of Toxicity of Xenobiotics. The use of DDT is banned in many countries because of its environmental effects and because it may cause cancer in humans. Carbonate: Sodium carbonate, Potassium carbonate etc. Poison's lethal effect can be combined with its allegedly magical powers; an example is the Chinese gu poison. Classification based on origin. A poison which enters the food chain—whether of industrial, agricultural, or natural origin—might not be immediately toxic to the first organism that ingests the toxin, but can become further concentrated in predatory organisms further up the food chain, particularly carnivores and omnivores, especially concerning fat soluble poisons which tend to become stored in biological tissue rather than excreted in urine or other water-based effluents. Gastric decontamination can involve, In some situations elimination of the poison can be enhanced using, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 03:51. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS . (e.g., a bartender might ask a customer "what's your poison?") Rotenone is a mild irritant and animal carcinogen (Table 1). The DDT in the birds results in fragile eggs, which are prone to breakage. The 2006 poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko was a novel use of radiological assassination, presumably meant to evade the normal investigation of chemical poisons. Inhaled or ingested cyanide, used as a method of execution in gas chambers, or as a suicide method, almost instantly starves the body of energy by inhibiting the enzymes in mitochondria that make ATP. Required fields are marked *, Global Leading Legal Media & Insights. [22] The figurative term "poison-pen letter" became well known in "...1913 by a notorious criminal case in Pennsylvania, U.S.; the phrase dates to 1898. The major toxic effect produced by these insecticides is convulsions (Table 1). ), from Latin potionem (nominative potio) "a drinking, a drink", also "poisonous drink" (Cicero), from potare "to drink". Poisons are of such diverse natures that they are classified by origin, physical form, chemical nature, chemical activity, target site, or use. Kautilya urged detailed precautions against assassination—tasters for food, elaborate ways to detect poison. And the volatile substances can be separated from gaseous. A single organism can be both poisonous and venomous, but that is rare. Common Causes of Poisoning. The four main classes of insecticides are organophosphates, carbamates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and insecticides derived from plants (botanical). Substances that destroy tissue but do not absorb, such as lye, are classified as corrosives rather than poisons. Using the word "poison" with plant names dates from the 18th century. Villaveces A, Mutter R, Owens PL, Barrett ML. The major toxicity of pyrethrins is allergy. It deals with diagnosis and treatment of human poising. These are often of human origin, but pollution can also include unwanted biological processes such as toxic red tide, or acute changes to the natural chemical environment attributed to invasive species, which are toxic or detrimental to the prior ecology (especially if the prior ecology was associated with human economic value or an established industry such as shellfish harvesting). Furthermore, many common household medications are not labeled with skull and crossbones, although they can cause severe illness or even death. Quiz. Poisons are of microbial, plant, animal, or synthetic origin. Chronic poisoning is the condition brought on by taking repeated doses of a poison or as the result of the absorption of the poison over a long period. It deals with the evaluation of toxic substances present in biological specimen as well as in raw form or crude form. Apart from food, many poisons readily enter the body through the skin and lungs.
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