It was true that Henry displayed an intensity of feeling toward her which shocked their contemporaries. Indeed, after her death, he would complain that Anne had ‘bewitched’ him.

Mary supported harsher and harsher persecution of the Protestants, eventually burning more than 300 Protestants at the stake as heretics over a four-year period, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary.". But it convinced Anne of the king’s attraction and she resolved to be his wife or nothing. Anne took an equal dislike of Mary. After all, had the king ended the engagement simply to make her his mistress? Toward the end of his reign, there were few councilors who could remember the Catholic supremacy. Kathryn was probably 18 years old, making Mary six years older than her new stepmother. The young Edward was a supporter of the Protestant faith, although Mary seems to have hoped at one point he would see the error of his ways and return England to the Church of Rome. When Anne Boleyn gave birth to Elizabeth, Mary was sent to attend the new young Princess in her household. It would be impossible to argue that Anne had no role in his decision. When Jane’s fugitive father attempted to lead an uprising for her, Mary had him executed along with John Dudley. During the six years of her brother’s reign, she tread the fine line between piety and treason. Through her mother, she could trace her lineage to John of Gaunt, that legendary figure in English history.

England’s first female monarch, Mary I (1516-1558) ruled for just five years. But of course, sending Mary to Wales was not the same as sending a son and heir; Henry never intended her to rule England, at least not as its sole ruler. More Images, Born: 18 February 1516

Certainly he would tread with delicacy but – in the end – his will would be done. He exerted considerable military and political pressure against the Pope. St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Coronation: 1 October 1553 She gave in to Henry’s demands, an action she was to always regret. A devout Catholic, daughter of the monarchs who introduced the Inquisition to Spain, Katharine never acknowledged the Church of England. Mary Tudor was the only child born to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon to survive childhood. She was now in her late twenties, leaving behind her youth and – most importantly for a woman – her safest reproductive years.

Meanwhile, Henry invested his daughter as Princess of Wales in 1525 and she held court at Ludlow Castle. She left Framlingham for London on July 24.

In January 1540, Mary gained yet another stepmother: Anne of Cleves. Although they made moves to court Mary's favor, they worked secretly with their own agenda.

Meanwhile, in 1549, Somerset had overstepped his authority and was executed. Like Edward, Jane was a pawn in Dudley’s schemes. Mary inherited this pride as well as her mother’s enduring affection for Spain. Though his son would become a bigoted Protestant determined to stamp out Catholicism and his eldest daughter a bigoted Catholic determined to stamp out Protestantism, Henry was a Catholic who lapsed when it suited him. Mary was promised in marriage to the dauphin, son of Francis I of France, and later to the emperor Charles V. A 1527 treaty promised Mary to Francis I or to his second son. She continued to assert that she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage. Portrait of Katharine of Aragon by Lucas Horenbout. Though her hated half-sister would outshine her in virtually every sphere – physical, political, intellectual, artistic – Mary also had a formidable impact upon English history. google_ad_height = 600; If she, too, recognized it, their marriage would be invalid. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. google_ad_format = "120x600_as"; She was too unnattractive for the king so she was titled ‘the king’s sister’ and given a generous pension. Katharine responded that this matter was already resolved. Mary's always-frail health finally failed her and she died in 1558. In short, she was a virgin when she wed Henry, a fact Henry would be certain to know. He told her she was misguided and occasionally threatened her. Henry, however, had already ordered Katharine to surrender her jewelry; Anne now wore it. Before she wed Henry, the Pope had granted a dispensation. And if Henry VII, born the unprepossessing earl of Richmond, could steal the crown then his son’s actions can be understood. After all, Elizabeth was legitimate only if Mary was not, and vice versa. For Mary, the situation was disastrous. Mary, in turn, respected and liked the new queen. And though he sharply rebuked Katharine for criticizing his open affection for Fitzroy, and the accompanying titles and wealth he gave the boy, Henry did not neglect his daughter. Mary, like her half-sister Elizabeth, was always recognized as his daughter. Two or three times, Queen Mary believed herself pregnant, but each pregnancy proved to be false. Katharine’s nephew, Charles V, naturally agreed with his aunt for personal and political reasons. She grew up as an Infanta of Spain; and, unlike Henry, her claim to royalty was not a mere few decades old. But Henry had not anticipated his wife’s immediate and intense anger. Mary was equally disgraced. Mary was at this time moving around with a growing army of supporters. They had benefited from the break with Rome, both spiritually and materially; Henry, meanwhile, never understood the force he had unleashed. It was only years later, with Mary as his sole legitimate offspring, that Henry began his desperate search for a son. Since he and Katharine had a mutual respect and affection for one another, Henry anticipated her cooperation. Above all else, Henry VIII was determined the crown would remain in Tudor hands.

google_ad_width = 120; But their religious sympathies were similar.

At this time of emotional upheaval, Mary fell seriously ill and may have been in danger of losing her life. She received news from a reliable source that Edward was indeed dead, and promptly sent proclamations throughout the country announcing her accession to the throne. google_color_bg = "FFFEEE"; Various illnesses have been suggested, consumption being the most likely. Anne preferred this solution to returning home. Both paid a stiff penalty for their refusal to submit. Henry’s last queen was the Protestant Katharine Parr, twice-widowed and chosen for her excellent character and nursing abilities. In the meantime, Mary continued her somewhat restricted life. Soon enough, Henry’s attentions were captured elsewhere.


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