Within a decade he gained supremacy over most of Iran as a ruler his followers regarded as divinely entitled to sovereignty. The artistic achievements and the prosperity of the Safavid period are best represented by Isfahan, the capital of Shah Abbas. Furthermore, the dynasty was from the very start thoroughly intermarried with both Pontic Greek as well as Georgian lines. Learn about the Islamic empire. Even though Safavids were not the first Shi'a rulers in Iran, they played a crucial role in making Shi'ism the official religion in Iran. He moved the capital to Eṣfahān and made it the centre of Safavid architectural achievement, manifest in the mosques Masjed-e Shāh (renamed Masjed-e Emām after the 1979 Iranian Revolution), Masjed-e Sheikh Loṭfollāh, and other monuments including the ʿAlī Qāpū, the Chehel Sotūn, and the Meydān-i Shāh. In July 1501 Ismāʿīl was enthroned as shah, although his area of control was initially limited to Azerbaijan. [28] Sam Mirza, the son of Shah Ismail as well as some later authors assert that Ismail composed poems both in Turkish and Persian but only a few specimens of his Persian verse have survived. In 1501, the Safavid Shahs declared independence when the Ottomans outlawed Shi'a Islam in their territory. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Isfahan became one of the world's most elegant cities. "The Safavid Period" in Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Laurence. The Empire was founded by the Safavids, a Sufi order that goes back to Safi al-Din (1252-1334). This Islamic Empire was strong enough to challenge the Ottomans in the west and the Mughals in the east. In its heyday it was also one of the largest with a population of one million; 163 mosques, 48 religious schools, 1801 shops and 263 public baths. The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be sayyids,[11] family descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim. Alien shrines were vandalised, and Sufi mystic groups forbidden. Corrections? The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Twelver Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. By the time of the establishment of the Safavid empire, the members of the family were Turkicized and Turkish-speaking,[20][21] and some of the Shahs composed poems in their then-native Turkish language. R.M. The Sunni ulama (a religious council of wise men) either left or were killed. It was a high point for the art of the book and architecture; and also including ceramics, metal, glass, and gardens. They appointed an official (the Sadr) to co-ordinate this elite - and ensure that it did what the Shah wanted. The Safavid brotherhood was originally a religious group. Safavid dynasty, (1501–1736), ruling dynasty of Iran whose establishment of Twelver Shiʿism as the state religion of Iran was a major factor in the emergence of a unified national consciousness among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country. With his new army, ʿAbbās defeated the Turks in 1603, forcing them to relinquish all the territory they had seized, and captured Baghdad. They became rich on the growing trade between Europe and the Islamic civilisations of central Asia and India. By the time of Ismāʿīl I, the order’s sixth head, the Ṣafavīs commanded enough support from the Kizilbash—local Turkmens and other disaffected heterodox tribes—to enable him to capture Tabrīz from the Ak Koyunlu (Turkish: “White Sheep”), an Uzbek Turkmen confederation. Read more. Trade with the West and industry expanded, communications improved. After the death of Shah ʿAbbās I (1629), the Safavid dynasty lasted for about a century, but, except for an interlude during the reign of Shah ʿAbbās II (1642–66), it was a period of decline. The Safavids were named after their founder Safi al-Din, who died in 1334. Updates? Iran weakened appreciably during the reign of Ismāʿīl’s eldest son, Shah Ṭahmāsp I (1524–76), and persistent and unopposed Turkmen forays into the country increased under his incompetent successors. Because Shi'ism was now a state religion, with major educational establishments devoted to it, its philosophy and theology developed greatly during the Safavid Empire. The Ṣafavid state began not from a band of, In October 1508, Shah Ismāʿīl I, founder of the Shiʿi Ṣafavid dynasty in Iran, entered Baghdad at the head of his Kizilbash Turkmen troops, driving out the Pūrnāk governor.
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