Subhadra Das, Science Curator from UCL Culture, pieces together this history, and tries to answer the question: What happens next? If you use science to make the best of genes handed down to the next generation, that’s eugenics: ‘Sweeping the word under the carpet or sanitising it with another name merely conceals the appalling abuses that have occurred in the past and may lull people into a false sense of security.’.

The potential avoidance of disease, to the betterment of humanity. PectaSol-C® is the most advanced and effective Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP) supplement available. Darwin himself would come to fear that "if the prudent avoid marriage whilst the reckless marry, inferior members tend to supplant the better members of society".

So who could complain?

Eugenics, the art and science of breeding better men, is not just the historical problem of Germany and now Scandinavia, nor even of the jackbooted right. The word ‘eugenics’ was coined in 1883 by Francis Galton, a polymath who invented fingerprinting and many of the techniques of modern statistical research.

£12,000 buys you the chance to choose which embryo to implant. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. And even in the slums of India, women desperate for a boy will pay for ante-natal screening to identify — and abort — girls. Since Louise Brown was conceived in a laboratory 38 years ago — the world’s first IVF baby — the treatment has become mainstream, sought by 100 women a day in Britain. Now UCL are investigating its historical links with Galton and the role that it played in the development and promotion of eugenics. And £400 buys sperm-sorting, the better to conceive a boy (or a girl). It was the conventional wisdom of the developed world. Living with Eugenics Listen to this new podcast about science and how we remember it at UCL. It was rather messy: they attempted to treat 86 non-viable embryos, and failed in most cases.

Bertrand Russell looked forward to a eugenic era driven by science, not religion. This — the genetic modification of human embryos — is what causes the concern. As one reformer put it: “They must be acknowledged dependents of the State...but with complete and permanent loss of all civil rights - including not only the franchise but civil freedom and fatherhood".

It doesn’t take government to pursue eugenics: parents will do it themselves. The idea of a biological divide between the fit and the unfit was no Nazi invention. Subscribe to our ecoNewsletter to receive educational materials, promotions offers and more. The experiments being carried out in London are worrying precisely because the researchers are so good. ‘We may perhaps assume that, if people grow less superstitious, government will acquire the right to sterilise those who are not considered desirable as parents,’ he argued in 1924. “They must be acknowledged dependents of the State...but with complete and permanent loss of all civil rights - including not only the franchise but civil freedom and fatherhood". See for yourself in the gallery above. We are very grateful to all our contributors who gave up their time and all their insights. With Galtonesque precision, he estimates some 98,040 ‘extra’ people were ‘created by the welfare state’ over 15 years due to a rise in welfare spending. His remedy? By 1908, a Royal Commission conveyed the grave news that there were 150,000 ‘feeble-minded’ people in Britain. To Professor Julian Savulescu, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Medical Ethics, the ability to apply ‘rational design’ to humanity, through gene editing, offers a chance to improve the human stock — one baby at a time.

Today’s IVF technology already allows us to screen embryos for inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis. One answer came four months ago, when 150 scientists and academics called for a complete shutdown of human gene editing. Some of the most revered names in English history lapped all of this up. A few weeks ago, the institute was given authorisation to begin a new, controversial gene-editing technique known as CRISPR-Cas9. It’s comforting now to think of eugenics as an evil that sprang from the blackness of Nazi hearts. To these scientists, the complex issue boils down to a simple point: ‘We must not engineer the genes we pass on to our descendants.’. ‘It is not failure, but success, that concerns me,’ says Professor Pollack.

Galton’s laboratory was based at University College London (UCL), where he and his successors established eugenics as a respected scientific discipline. He put forward the suggestion on purely humanitarian grounds. The era of designer babies, long portrayed by dystopian novelists and screenwriters, is fast arriving. Presidents, economists, activists, and philosophers — many of which you'd never think would be supporters — all once spoke out in support of the eugenics movement. ‘And for that concern, there are few venues more troubling than the Crick Institute — it is as likely as any place in the world to do this without making any distracting, avoidable mistakes.’. There is nothing monstrous about Dr Perkins, himself a former welfare claimant, nor anything very original about his book. He started with a hunch: that so many great men come from the same families because genius is hereditary. There are no deaths, no sterilisations, no abortions: just a scientifically guided conception. ©2020 ecoNugenics, Inc. | 396 Tesconi Court - Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA.

So to improve society, the logic goes, we must encourage the best to breed and do what we can to stop the stupid, sick and malign from passing on their defective genes. It aims to reduce Because we forget how badly Britain fell for eugenics, we fail to recognise the basic arguments of eugenics when they reappear — which they are now doing with remarkable regularity.

We’re familiar with the argument: some men are born great, some as weaklings, and both pass the traits on to their children. In his forthcoming book The End of Sex, he explains a brave new world in which mothers will be given a menu with various biological options. Eugenics came to stand for modernity: to believe in it was to declare one’s belief in science and rationalism, to be liberated from religious qualms. As to imbeciles, he said there was only one thing to do with them: exterminate them as they arose.

But the story of eugenics actually started in Britain, conceived of and developed by Francis Galton, probably the most important scientist that most people have never heard of. So they abandoned the experiment, saying a 100 per cent success rate is needed when dealing in human life.


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