Maltreatment data was gathered from official records which showed any referral of participants’ family members to the office of the Children and Youth Services (CYS) at any point during the child’s life up to the point of data gathering. Differences in family functioning in grandparent and parent-headed households in a clinical sample of drug-using African American adolescents. Stouthamer-Loeber, M. , Wei, E. H. , Homish, D. L. , & Loeber, R. (2002). A SES form was also used to determine SES based on the parent’s occupation, education, sex and marital status. This was measured by asking the adolescent participants to indicate if and/or when they had been involved in any of 12 delinquent behaviors. website. The findings did not support the researchers’ hypothesis that adolescents from father absent homes were more prone to delinquent behaviors. Intact family arrangements differ from other modern-day family arrangements including single-parent arrangements, two-parent arrangements involving a stepparent, extended family member arrangements, and the adoptive/foster family arrangement (Wells & Rankin, 1986). (1993). Father absence was based on the response given by adolescents as to whether or not they were living with their father or a father figure. Researchers and concerned individuals have traced the preponderance of juvenile delinquency to the increasing rate of family instability among other factors. Literature Review The study reported by Paschall, Ringwalt and Flewelling (2003) examined the contribution of parenting techniques, having an absent father and associating with delinquent peers to the development of delinquent behaviors among African-American male adolescents. A sample of 260 African-American adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years (mean 15. Comparatively less research has attempted to examine the long-term impact of shifts in family structure on delinquent and criminal involvement. Similarly, while these quantitative surveys can distinguish a connection between familial factors and juvenile delinquency, they are unable to predict any causal relationship. The resulting population for the study was 823 adolescents and parent pairs. The next research by Davalos, Chavez and Daviola (2005) delved into the issue of parental involvement in their child’s education as well as family communication and the potential effect they have on the development of delinquent behaviors in adolescents. Parents who instill antisocial attitudes and behaviors in their children encourage such attitudes to persist into adulthood [11] . Find help in writing essays, research papers, term papers, reports, movie reviews, annotated bibliographies, speeches/presentations, projects, presentations, dissertation services, theses, research proposals, essay editing, proofreading, Book reviews, article reviews, formatting, personal statements, admission essays, scholarship essays, application papers, among others. Children who witness marital discord are at greater risk of becoming delinquents. Parents who fail to provide consistent guidance deprive their children of opportunities to gain approval by choosing to behave in accordance with parental rules. Foster care experience increased the risk four times while familial felony increased the risk by two. The rate of maltreatment among the boys sampled was high with 18. The dependent variable was delinquency based on the child’s previous conviction of any delinquent act, as indicated by reports from parents. Furthermore it may be difficult to determine the individual contribution of each factor since it is almost impossible to isolate family characteristics. (2006). Increasing rates of divorce and remarriage have led to the emergence of reconstituted families (stepfamilies), which represent households containing a child or children who are biologically related to only one of the adults. The upheaval and trauma of having a family member who is a juvenile delinquent can create instability for the other relatives. Children’s Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 5(4), 261-272. The trauma theories suggest that the loss of a parent has a damaging effect on children, most commonly because of the effect on attachment to the parent. There was no association between criminal behavior and single-parent families, regardless of whether the sons had alcoholic or criminal fathers. 7 percent. Various studies on this topic suggest that childhood family problems can have impacts on adolescents deviation. Sociologists assert that antisocial behavior may be the expression of either the beginning of a long term culture of criminal activity or a normal part of the process of growing up [9] . (2003). It appears that poor family factors were more severe within this group suggesting that maltreatment cannot be isolated from family factors in understanding the effect on delinquent behaviors. Poor parental monitoring and supervision, inadequate communication at home, experience with foster care and maltreatment and having a parent absent are strong correlates of juvenile delinquency. The delinquency of children born to young mothers: Results from the Rochester Youth Development study. An investigation of interaction effects. When parents are divorced and there is just one parent to take care of the child, the child is quick to feel just “half there”. Children learn these values by observing and emulating their parents’ behavior, and being taught by their parents. The study by Tyrone Cheng sampled adolescents aged 16 to 18 who had provided information on prior convictions during interviews in 1994 and 1996. In Japan (Harada 1995) and in Sweden (Martens 1992), close emotional ties within the family also appeared to reduce the likelihood that children would become delinquents. Violence may also lead in inconsistency in the style of parenting. Familial characteristics suggesting familial antisocial behavior or values such as family history of criminal behavior, harsh parental discipline, and family conflict have been among the most consistently linked. Pogarsky, G. , Lizotte, A. J. , & Thornberry, T. P. (2003). }, McCord, J. Another negative attitude is that of authoritarian parenting, where excessive control, using harsh and strict commands, deprives children of the freedom to express themselves. VAT Registration No: 842417633. Children from the poor families are usually finds themselves missing even their basic needs. Increasingly, among contemporary industrial societies, a nuclear family structure has been idealized. Furthermore parents and adolescents may either over or underestimate delinquent behavior and may not give a true report of previous delinquent involvement. Children may also imitate their abusive parents as a conflict resolution strategy either verbal or physical. For example, fathers are particularly likely to be involved with sons who are at higher risk than daughters of delinquent behavior (Flouri & Buchannan 2002). HG.org: Most Common Juvenile Crimes. Impact of family stability on children’s delinquency: An implication for family preservation. This is in contradistinction to the contemporary approach of reserving juvenile offenses to the justice system.

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