[337], Massachusetts is also an important center for the performing arts. [200] Massachusetts was the first state in North America to require municipalities to appoint a teacher or establish a grammar school with the passage of the Massachusetts Education Law of 1647,[201] and 19th century reforms pushed by Horace Mann laid much of the groundwork for contemporary universal public education[202][203] which was established in 1852. Drafted by John Adams, the Massachusetts Constitution is currently the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world. Some estimates presented here come from sample data, and thus have sampling errors that may render some apparent differences between geographies statistically indistinguishable. Here are the category names as defined by the Census: Our particular column of interest here was the number of people who identified as Black or African American. Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state. # Of African American Residents: 11,831 The largest ancestry group in Massachusetts are the Irish (22.5% of the population), who live in significant numbers throughout the state but form more than 40% of the population along the South Shore in Norfolk and Plymouth counties (in both counties overall, Irish-Americans comprise more than 30% of the population). [324] Other cities with a population over 100,000 include Worcester, Springfield, Lowell, and Cambridge. [171] Exurban Boston and coastal areas grew the most rapidly, while Berkshire County in far Western Massachusetts and Barnstable County on Cape Cod were the only counties to lose population as of the 2010 Census. Pacific Islanders As most scholars and historians agree, an increase in the diversity in America is a good thing. [136] In 1966, Massachusetts became the first state to directly elect an African American to the U.S. senate with Edward Brooke. At the time of the 2010 United States Census, the population was at 59,450 people. [210] In 2013, Massachusetts scored highest of all the states in math and third-highest in reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. yes thank you. This Report describes the social and economic characteristics of Massachusetts’ Black population. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. [269] Similarly, several different lines connect Nantucket to ports including Hyannis, New Bedford, Harwich, and New York City. In the 2010 U.S. Census, Medford’s population was 56,173. Eleven communities which call themselves "towns" are, by law, cities since they have traded the town meeting form of government for a mayor-council or manager-council form. [72][73] Alternatively, Massachusett has been represented as Moswetuset—from the name of the Moswetuset Hummock (meaning "hill shaped like an arrowhead") in Quincy, where Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish (a hired English military officer) and Squanto (a member of the now disappeared Patuxet band of the Wampanoag peoples) met Chief Chickatawbut in 1621. In more rural areas in the western part of Massachusetts, larger mammals such as moose and black bears have returned, largely due to reforestation following the regional decline in agriculture. [88], The Puritans, who believed the Church of England needed to be purified and experienced harassment from English authority because of their beliefs,[89] came to Massachusetts intending to establish an ideal religious society. [191], As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) of Massachusetts residents 5 and older spoke English at home as a first language, while 7.50% (458,256) spoke Spanish, 2.97% (181,437) Portuguese, 1.59% (96,690) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.11% (67,788) French, 0.89% (54,456) French Creole, 0.72% (43,798) Italian, 0.62% (37,865) Russian, and Vietnamese was spoken as a primary language by 0.58% (35,283) of the population over 5. [64][65] Both Harvard and MIT, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Major non-interstate highways in Massachusetts include U.S. 33,962 Vietnamese (up from 13,101 in 1990), 19,696 Cambodians, 17,369 [217] The per capita personal income in 2012 was $53,221, making it the third-highest state in the nation. Athol is currently declining at a rate of 0.00% annually and its population has increased by 1.78% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 8,265 in 2010.

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