Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. The city has two universities – Newcastle University and Northumbria University. [136] The metropolitan boroughs of North Tyneside (population circa 202,000), South Tyneside (population circa 149,000) and Gateshead (population circa 201,000)[136] are, along with Newcastle, all part of the Tyneside conurbation (population circa 880,000). In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. [35], In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. Newcastle School for Boys is the only independent boys' only school in the city and is situated in Gosforth. [327] Since 2003, it has had a "special cooperation agreement" with the Swedish city of Malmö. [7] It is a member of the UK Core Cities Group,[8] as well as the Eurocities network of European cities. [275] The Metro system was the first in the UK to have mobile phone antennae installed in the tunnels.[276]. [11][14], From 1530, a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade to a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as the Hostmen. For the purposes of City Council elections, Newcastle is divided into 26 electoral wards. [146] A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. [200] In October, there is the Design Event festival—an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. At this time it was an open sewer. The Bollywood film Hum Tum Aur Ghost (2010) was shot on location in Newcastle's city centre and features key scenes in and around Grainger Town. [40], The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events starting on Friday 6 October 1854, in which a substantial amount of property in the two North East of England towns was destroyed in a series of fires and an explosion which killed 53 and injured hundreds. Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. [187], The Newcastle Beer Festival, organised by CAMRA, takes place in April. Area 44 square miles (113 square km). (2001) 259,536; (2011) 280,177. Corrections? Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Another green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646–7. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. The Local Government Act 1888 constituted Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and Sunderland as county boroughs (Newcastle had "county corporate" status as the "County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne" since 1400). Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School. Musicians Cheryl, Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, the Lighthouse Family, Jeffrey Dunn, Brian Johnson, Alan Hull, Sakima, and Neil Tennant lived in Newcastle. Proposed routes include to Newcastle's west end, to the Cobalt business park in North Tyneside, to the Metrocentre in Gateshead and to additional locations in Gateshead, South Tyneside and Sunderland. Newcastle United WFC currently has 40 ladies aged between 16–29 years signed or associated with the club, and plays in the FA Women's Premier League (North).[249]. Newcastle upon Tyne was one of the 11 host cities for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius. [4], In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. Omissions? The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. [217] Riverside has also been the subject of a book, Riverside: Newcastle's Legendary Alternative Music Venue. [63] A former French consul in Newcastle called Jacques Serre assisted the German war effort by describing important targets in the region to Admiral Raeder who was the head of the German Navy. Bus services in Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding boroughs part of the Tyne & Wear area are coordinated by Nexus, the Tyne & Wear Passenger Transport Executive.[281]. Op deze pagina staat een uitleg van de verschillende betekenissen van Newcastle en verwijzingen daarnaartoe. [269] It was developed from a combination of existing and newly built tracks and stations, with deep-level tunnels constructed through Newcastle city centre. In the 14th century, the city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and later became a major coal mining area. The words "bonny" (meaning "pretty"), "howay" ("come on"), "stot" ("bounce") and "hadaway" ("go away" or "you're kidding"), all appear to be used in Scots; "aye" ("yes") and "nowt" (IPA://naʊt/, rhymes with out, "nothing") are used elsewhere in Northern England. Estimated levels of adult 'healthy eating' and smoking are worse than the England average. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. [64], As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Since 1981, the city has hosted the Great North Run, a half marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year. [222] The Cluny in Ouseburn Valley is "one of the most important venues for breaking bands in the region". [278], Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders, the A167, the old "Great North Road", heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058 "Coast Road", which runs from Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats. Since summer 2007, Thomson cruise lines have included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise.[289]. It is hoped it will now continue as an annual event. [53], Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [23], Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. [263] Opened in 1850 by Queen Victoria, it was the first covered railway station in the world and was much copied across the UK. Newcastle is the commercial hub of the Tyne and Wear metropolitan area and of northeastern England. [20], With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. Northumberland (county) 10 Best Things to Do in Northumberland Escape Newcastle-upon-Tyne on a Road Trip to Northumberland. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The Newcastle Vipers were also a professional ice hockey team in the British National League from 2002 and then the Elite Ice Hockey League between 2005 and 2011 (when the team folded). [52], The city acquired its first art gallery, the Laing Art Gallery in 1904, so named after its founder Alexander Laing, a Scottish wine and spirit merchant[53] who wanted to give something back to the city in which he had made his fortune. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. [312] Former Prime Minister of Thailand Abhisit Vejjajiva,[313] was born in the city. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. There are many bars on the Bigg Market, and other areas for nightlife are Collingwood Street, popularly referred to as the 'Diamond Strip' due to its concentration of high-end bars, Neville Street, the Newcastle station area, Osborne Road in the Jesmond area and the Ouseburn Valley area of the city.
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