When males enter the breeding grounds, their territory can range from 2 to 10 acres (0.81 to 4.05 ha). [46] The brown thrasher can also hammer nuts such as acorns in order to remove the shell.

Most species are only found in the southern states. [38] In Iowa, about 20% of the summer diet was found to consist of grasshoppers.

More than 80% of the diet of brown thrasher from Illinois is made of animal matter, about 50% being beetles. [11][12], The brown thrasher is bright reddish-brown above with thin, dark streaks on its buffy underparts. The males might also present a gift in response and approach the female. It is the state bird of Georgia. The Caribbean thrashers occupy varying positions in an assemblage consisting of them, the tremblers, and the New World catbirds. Further details may exist on the, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thrasher&oldid=984006304, Articles to be expanded from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 October 2020, at 16:08. [73] Brown thrashers have tendencies to double-brood or have failures on their first nesting attempts due to predation.

[74] Grey catbirds have been seen invading brown thrashers' nests and breaking their eggs. [4][64] By the fall, the male sings with smoother sub-songs. [14] The brown thrasher forages in a similar method to the long-billed thrasher and Bendire's thrasher (T. longirostre & bendirei), picking food off the ground and under leaf litter, whereas thrashers with sharply decurved bills are more likely to dig into the ground to obtain food. [4] The nest is built twiggy, lined with grass, leaves, and other forms of dead vegetation. It prefers to live in woodland edges, thickets and dense brush,[20] often searching for food in dry leaves on the ground. [21] It can also inhabit areas that are agricultural and near suburban areas, but is less likely to live near housing than other bird species.

[14], The female lays 3 to 5 eggs, that usually appears with a blueish or greenish tint along with reddish-brown spots. Reddish brown above with a yellow eye. It makes itself more conspicuous than the rest, dashing about in the open, calling a loud whit-wheet!

These fairly large birds live on the ground at the edge of the forest and others in sparse habitat.

It usually forages for food under leaves, brushes, and soil debris on the ground using its bill. There are 15 species in one large and 4 monotypic genera. [22][23] The increase in trees throughout the Great Plains during the past century due to fire suppression and tree planting facilitated a westward range expansion of the brown thrasher[24] as well as range expansions of many other species of birds. [44] It then swipes the floor in side-to-side motions, and investigates the area it recently foraged in.

Ramphocinclus from the tops of mesquites. [55] The male sings a series of short repeated melodious phrases from an open perch to declare his territory,[56] and is also very aggressive in defending the nest, known to strike people and animals. [41] Wintering birds in Texas were found to eat 58% plant material (mainly sugar berry and poison ivy) and 42% animal material in October; by March, in the dry period when food supply is generally lower, 80% of the food became animal and only 20% plants. The brown thrasher is abundant throughout the eastern and central United States and southern and central Canada, and it is the only thrasher to live primarily east of the Rockies and central Texas. [57], The male brown thrasher may have the largest song repertoire of any North American bird, which has been documented at least over 1,100.

Brown Thrashers wear a somewhat severe expression thanks to their heavy, slightly downcurved bill and staring yellow eyes, and they are the only thrasher species east of Texas. Mockingbirds and Thrashers(Order: Passeriformes, Family:Mimidae). [66] Brown thrashers are noted for their mimicry (as a member of the family Mimidae), but they are not as diverse in this category as their relative the northern mockingbird. [10] The brown thrasher's appearance is also strikingly similar to the wood thrush, the bird that it is usually mistaken for. All of these birds eat insects and several species also eat berries. [30][31] When it feels bothered, it usually hides into thickets and gives cackling calls. "A study of the home life of the Brown Thrasher, "The Project FeederWatch Top 20 feeder birds in the Southeast", "Wintering ecology of thrashers in southern Texas", "Tool-making and tool-using by a Brown Thrasher (, "Species: Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum", "The Monotony Threshold in Singing Birds", "Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) – Michigan Bird Atlas", "New Jersey Endangered and Threatened Species Field Guide", "Facts about Brown Thrasher: Encyclopedia of Life", "Food habits and hunting success of Cooper's Hawks in Missouri", "Prey selection by urban-breeding merlins", "The Screech Owl: Its Life History and Population Ecology in Northern Ohio", Importance of prairie wetlands and avian prey to breeding Great Horned Owls (, "Food habits of southern Wisconsin raptors. Its long, rufous tail is rounded with paler corners, and eyes are a brilliant yellow. 2001, Barber et al. The brown thrasher also was the inspiration for the name of Atlanta's former National Hockey League team, the Atlanta Thrashers. [60][61][62] The males' singing voice usually contains more of a melodic tone than that of the related grey catbird.

Brown thrashers are generally inconspicuous but territorial birds, especially when defending their nests, and will attack species as large as humans. [10] However, the wood thrush has dark spots on its under parts rather than the brown thrashers' streaks, has dark eyes, shorter tail, a shorter, straighter bill (with the head generally more typical of a thrush) and is a smaller bird. [6], Although not in the thrush family, this bird is sometimes erroneously called the brown thrush.

The thrashers are members of the mimidae family. Brown Thrashers skulk in shrubby tangles or forage on the ground below dense cover. [29], The brown thrasher has been observed either solo or in pairs. [4] During the winter, the males may also sing in short spurts during altercations with neighboring males. Thrasher, any of numerous New World birds with downcurved bills, noted for noisy foraging on the ground in dense thickets and for loud varied songs. Brown Thrashers from the western Great Plains are slightly larger and paler than those breeding farther east. Brown Thrashers are foxy brown birds with heavy, dark streaking on their whitish underparts. Brown Thrasher (. [75], The brown thrasher is the state bird of Georgia. The role of food supply and nest predation in limiting reproductive success of Brown Thrashers (, Curnutt, J. The face is gray-brown and the wings show two black-and-white wingbars. Thrashers are a New World group of passerine birds related to mockingbirds and New World catbirds. Large songbird with a long, slightly curved bill. Here, the white-breasted thrasher appears to be quite basal though it is impossible to place it anywhere with certainty, whereas the pearly-eyed thrasher is probably quite close to the tremblers. Between eleven days to two weeks, the eggs hatch. The face is gray-brown and the wings show two …

[50], Although this bird is widespread and still common, it has declined in numbers in some areas due to loss of suitable habitat. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. (2007). (Hunt et al. Because of this, it is often confused with the smaller wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), among other species. [36][52] The courting ritual involves the exchanging of probable nesting material. Margarops They’re most obvious when they sing their loud songs from shrubs and treetops. [72] Because of the apparent lack of opportunistic behavior around species like these, thrashers are prone to be driven out of zones for territory competition. Their common name describes the behaviour of these birds when searching for food on the ground: they use their long bills to "thrash" through dirt or dead leaves. [10] When the species does migrate, it is typically for short distances and during the night. Slender and long-tailed with bold streaking down the breast. Conservation Assessment for Northern Goshawk (, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711099A94277500.en, "The Origin of the Common Names of Wisconsin Birds", "Evolutionary Patterns of Morphometrics, Allozymes, and Mitochondrial DNA in Thrashers (Genus, "Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: A collaborative study of Florida's birdlife". [45] Foraging success is 25% greater in dry leaf litter as compared to damp leaf letter. "Brown Thrasher in Dorset: a species new to Britain and Ireland", "Breeding Biology and Behavior of the Brown Thrasher, (, "Gray Catbird, Northern Mockingbird and Brown Thrasher". There are 15 species in one large and 4 monotypic genera. Its bill is brownish, long, and curves downward. Toxostoma curvirostre Of the various thrashers in the southwestern deserts, the Curve-bill is the most familiar and most often seen.

[8] The breeding range includes the United States and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, but has been occasionally spotted West of the Rockies. It has brown upper parts with a white under part with dark streaks. [36][50] Their breeding season varies by region. [14] There are also records of the bird wintering in Mexico,[28] as well as a British record of a transatlantic vagrant. The brown thrasher is abundant throughout the eastern and central United States and southern and central Canada, and it is the only thrasher to live primarily east of the Rockies and central Texas. Like these, they are in the family Mimidae.

Juveniles are paler with a scalloped-looking back and a paler head. Both male and females are similar in appearance. [85], Cavitt, J. F. and C. A. Haas (2014). Brown Thrashers are fairly large, slender songbirds with long proportions—the legs are long and sturdy, and the bill is long and slightly downcurved. [35], This bird is omnivorous, which has a diet that includes insects, berries, nuts and seeds, as well as earthworms, snails, and sometimes lizards and frogs. Found in scrubby fields, dense regenerating woods, thickets, hedgerows, and forest edges. The usual nesting areas are shrubs, small trees, or at times on ground level. [47] In one case, a brown thrasher was observed to dig a hole about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) deep, place an acorn in it and hit the acorn until it cracked, considered to be a form of tool usage.



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