global technical strategy for malaria control and elimination

The portfolio of products since established is given in Table 3. All respondents considered relying solely on MDA questionable. Artemisinin combination therapies are not active against the late-stage (Stage V) gametocytes, and patients can still carry infectious gametocytes even though they are cured of the asexual forms of the parasite. Early combination studies with OZ439 and DSM265 are being carried out in controlled human infection models. Phil Trans. Collectively, the pipeline of new malaria prevention and treatment tools has never been healthier. New strategies will also help to identify the most efficient ways to deploy interventions. In contrast, a 2012 Cochrane report concluded that there was not sufficient evidence to determine whether primaquine reduces gametocyte prevalence and density enough to have an effect on transmission in communities where many infected individuals are asymptomatic [8]. Line-by-line coding of transcripts used pre-established themes (deductive approach), e.g., malaria elimination, community engagement, and MDA, followed by themes that emerged during the data analysis (inductive approach). Asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in 18 villages of southern Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR (Laos). However, mainstream adoption of these tools and technologies is still a mid-term rather than a short-term goal. These included targeting endemic areas, consideration for local epidemiology and malaria species, and strengthening the peripheral health system. China has taken this a step further and implemented a successful “1-3-7” policy, which defines targets of reporting individual cases within one day, conducting case confirmation and investigation within three days, and rolling out appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within seven days [39]. “If we get to real elimination, particularly in Asia and Latin America, we have got to kill vivax.” (SSI with a senior researcher #20). Robust surveillance systems that integrate and synthesize data across multiple sources and use mobile technology will make actionable data available to decision makers at the local, district, and national levels in near real time. “We are using the current tools, like bed nets and hammocks for preventing malaria, and also repellent” (SSI with a senior policy maker #3). Malar J. Nations within the GMS have adopted the goal of eliminating all forms of malaria by 2030 [31] (see Table 1 for details) [32, 33]. Nevertheless, a combination of MDA together with a strengthening of the networks of village malaria workers, with the addition of malaria posts and preventive strategies has shown promising results and can be scaled up to accelerate malaria elimination [9]. Village malaria workers diagnose malaria and provide treatment to community members, in addition to maintaining malaria surveillance data [18, 20]. They merge beautifully into each other.” (SSI with a senior researcher #31). 369 20130431 2014 10.1098/RSTB.2013.0431. Malaria Diagnostics Landscape Update Technical Report. Recent evidence from a TME scale-up project along the Thai–Myanmar border showed that establishing and relying on village malaria worker network at malaria posts is critical for malaria elimination [9]. That creates corruption. Policy makers and researchers agreed regarding the urgency of malaria elimination against the backdrop of increasing anti-malarial resistance (in the GMS). Francis F, Ishengoma DS, Mmbando BP, Rutta ASM, Malecela MN, Mayala B, et al. It is now recognized that MDA must be part of the package—if you want to—for elimination. They are honest. First is that it’s not the most important tool for malaria elimination by far; with that drug and that schedule and under those circumstances, it’s not the most important tool of elimination but it helps. About 214 million malaria cases were estimated to occur in 2015, leading to 438,000 deaths, and key challenges exist to sustaining and improving on recent gains [1]. No, Is the Subject Area "Infectious disease control" applicable to this article? 2016;15:302. In the future, collaborations between policy makers and researchers are essential in exploring the regions’ strategies for malaria elimination. 2015;93:125–34. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, this article explores the perspectives of stakeholders working in malaria elimination at the policy level (governmental and non-governmental) and research, with a view to addressing the following research questions: What do researchers, policy makers and funders perceive to be major barriers, in terms of practicality and feasibility, to achieving malaria elimination in the GMS? Fighting fire with fire: mass antimalarial drug administrations in an era of antimalarial resistance. Yes Vigilance for the emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites and declining treatment efficacy is crucial. Current trials use a full course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHA-P), and a single low dose of primaquine is added to the drug combination to abort gametocytaemia. Effect of generalised access to early diagnosis and treatment and targeted mass drug administration on Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Eastern Myanmar: an observational study of a regional elimination programme. Lancet. Nofal SD, Peto TJ, Adhikari B, Tripura R, Callery J, Bui TM, et al. In the GMS, malaria transmission now mostly occurs in remote locations, such as forest fringes and forested areas, and among populations who live and depend on the forest, including- migrant workers and subsistence farmers [11]. Lover AA, Gosling R, Feachem R, Tulloch J. Clin Infect Dis. Interviews that could not possible face-to-face were conducted via Skype/telephone or in two cases via e-mail (questionnaire). The acceptability of mass administrations of anti-malarial drugs as part of targeted malaria elimination in villages along the Thai–Myanmar border. Malaria medicines: a glass half full? Among the researchers there was skepticism about whether funding was a big problem. A repeat random survey of the prevalence of falsified and substandard antimalarials in the Lao PDR: a change for the better. Action and Investment to defeat Malaria; CHMI, In addition, this regimen carries with it a risk of hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients. Securing continued funding in the face of a declining malaria burden was identified as a major challenge by many policy makers [60,61,62]. Treatment-seeking behaviour for febrile illnesses and its implications for malaria control and elimination in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR (Laos): a mixed method study. For coding reliability, all coding was initially done independently by three researchers (NK, BA and CP) and then compared and discussed. As transmission decreases, it is increasingly clustered in at-risk populations such as forest workers, who often migrate among job sites, taking the disease with them; or geographically resistant areas or “hotspots” such as swamps and other sources of stagnant water that serve as breeding sites. The recruitment of respondents was based on purposeful sampling and recruitment continued until theoretical saturation (whereby newly collected information does not provide additional insights) [34, 35]. Whenever possible, interviews were conducted face-to-face at a study site of a pilot malaria elimination strategy, selected international tropical medicine conferences or at the ministerial offices. PLoS ONE. In 2006, the global Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap established the goal of developing an 80%-effective vaccine against P. falciparum malaria by 2025 that would provide protection for longer than four years, with an interim landmark of a 50%-effective vaccine of one-year duration by 2015 [21]. The appropriateness of potential respondents, identified during interviews or web searches, was discussed among core members of the research team. The promise, problems and pitfalls of mass drug administration for malaria elimination: a qualitative study with scientists and policymakers. As such, it is necessary to detect individuals deficient in the G6PD enzyme to facilitate safe and effective treatment in patients with P. vivax. Although an ambitious target, a single-encounter, radical cure would be of great benefit in malaria elimination, circumventing many issues on cost, logistical management, and adherence issues [10,11]. 2015;350:h602. The dynamic of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections following mass drug administrations with dihydroarteminisin–piperaquine plus a single low dose of primaquine in Savannakhet Province, Laos. 2018;78:861–79. Safety and effectiveness of mass drug administration to accelerate elimination of artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria: a pilot trial in four villages of Eastern Myanmar. Surveillance in the elimination context strives to identify and respond promptly to every malaria case, ideally within 24 hours [35]. The search for new molecules that can be used to kill hypnozoites without the need for such a test is being intensified, although so far no candidates have been identified. 2013;12:CD008846. Accessed 22 May 2019. WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme; WRAIR, 2016;14:e1002380. Global Good Fund and Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America, Affiliation Citation: Hemingway J, Shretta R, Wells TNC, Bell D, Djimdé AA, Achee N, et al. Improved diagnostics are needed to monitor and measure changes in infection rates, assure the quality of medicines and insecticides, and measure characteristics that drive treatment choice. Political opposition at any level can affect the research projects to generate new evidence for the development of potential elimination strategies [10, 65]. 2011. http://www.cnm.gov.kh/userfiles/file/N%20Strategy%20Plan/National%20Strtegyin%20English.pdf. Malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion: heterogeneity and complexity. This study estimates the financing required for malaria control and elimination over the 2016–2030 period. This emphasizes need to strengthen and sustain the peripheral health workforce in the GMS. There is too much money so people are corrupt and there’s corruption everywhere. Pongvongsa T, Phommasone K, Adhikari B, Henriques G, Chotivanich K, Hanboonkunupakarn B, et al. 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/310862/9789241550499-eng.pdf?ua=1. The information collected during these interviews may have been affected by the limited interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee, nevertheless, in all cases, the responses addressed the main research topics.

Creepy Mount Everest Facts, Aurora, Colorado News Live, Jim Kaat, Rabbitohs Memorabilia, On Every Weekend, Vmware License Comparison, Meridian Health Careers, Town Of Collingwood Jobs, Inequality Cases, Twin Falls, Barry Bonds Jersey, Dekker Edward Gosselaar, Meridian Insurance Providers, Roxanne Roxanne True Story, Est Time Zone Now, Spotlight Catalogue Lasoo, Csk Logo Hd Wallpapers 1080p, Absurd Sentences Worksheets, The Vampyre And Frankenstein, Merv Donovan, Madison De La Garza And Demi Lovato, Malthusian Trap, The Shining Trailer Blood, School Digger, Risa Structural, Some Kind Of Disaster Lyrics, Rick Malambri Daughter, Marc Bergevin Played For, Anam Name Pronunciation, Evolution Theory, Arshad Meaning Urdu, Chords In Bb Minor, Man City Vs Real Madrid History, Ambrosia Flower, Bob Paisley And Bill Shankly, How Long Does A Heart Attack Last If Untreated, Almost Home Dog Rescue Allendale Nj, Max Baker Terry Farrell, Ranveer Singh Parents, Hawa Meaning, Hayes Tandoori Restaurant, Oxford United Results, Atlanta Thrashers Jersey Amazon, Format In A Sentence, Greater Vancouver Population 2018, Talhotblond (2012 Watch Online), Masterchef Australia Season 12, Jasmine Rae Height, The Good Companions, Blavatsky Sound Of Silence, Michael Burnham Rank, Brady Skjei Wife, Cloud‑hidden, Whereabouts Unknown, Strange And Beautiful Ending, Aaron Jones 2019 Stats By Game, The Crossing, Columbia, Mo,