[308] Harris County is one of the largest consumers of gasoline in the United States, ranking second (behind Los Angeles County) in 2013.

[181] Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), located 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston between Interstates 45 and 69, is the eighth busiest commercial airport in the United States (by total passengers and aircraft movements) and forty-third busiest globally. [260], Texas has banned sanctuary cities,[261] but Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner said that Houston will not assist ICE agents with immigration raids.

The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. While Houston has never been widely known for its music scene,[233] Houston hip-hop has become a significant, independent music scene that is influential nationwide.

HTV cablecasts 24/7 and provides live programming of City Council and council committee meetings. The ship channel continues past Galveston and then into the Gulf of Mexico. [221][222][223], Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre, Theatre Under the Stars). In 2000 there were over 41 mosques and storefront religious centers, with the largest being the Al-Noor Mosque (Mosque of Light) of the Islamic Society of Greater Houston. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations,[27] while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. [148][149][150] In 2018 the city scored a 70 out of 100 for LGBT friendliness. 8.1. [263][discuss], Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S. cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population). [98], During the summer, with temperatures reaching or exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority of days from June to September; additionally, an average of 4.6 days per year reach or exceed 100 °F (37.8 °C). [179] Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for roughly two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. Houston hums with an energy and independent spirit all its own. The Houston area encompasses more than 300 private schools,[274][275][276] many of which are accredited by Texas Private School Accreditation Commission recognized agencies. [146], At the 2000 U.S. census, the racial makeup of the city in was 49.3% White, 25.3% Black or African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. [32], President Woodrow Wilson opened the deep-water Port of Houston in 1914, seven years after digging began. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275 m)-tall, Philip Johnson and John Burgee designed landmark Williams Tower (known as the Transco Tower until 1999).



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