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To judge only by the negative evidence of the decree of hristoteles which records the terms of alliance of the second confederacy (below), we gather that in the later period at least of the first league's history the Athenians had interfered with the local autonomy of the allies in various ways-an inference which is confirmed by the terms of "alliance " which Athens imposed on Erythrae, Chalcis and Miletus. The commander’s reputation for lavish parties and expensive public works had not been helpful in turning public opinion either. Even in 425 Naxos and Andros paid only 15 talents, while Athens had just raised an eisphora (income tax) from her own citizens of 200 talents, Moreover it would seem that a tribute which yielded less than the 5% tax of 411 could not have been unreasonable. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not
Peace was made with Sparta, and, if we are to believe 4thcentury orators, a treaty, the Peace of Callias or of Cimon, was concluded between the Great King and Athens in 449 after the death of Cimon before the walls of Citium in Cyprus. Cimon’s political career then took a blow in 463 BCE when Pericles formally charged him with corruption. The number of tributaries is given by Aristophanes as 1000, but this is greatly inexcess of those named in the tribute lists. Athens thus became mistress of the Aegean, while the synod at Delos had become practically, if not theoretically, powerless. Some authorities give 200; others put it as high as 290. To counterbalance the new power Athens very rashly pianged into Peloponnesian politics with the ulterior object of ihducing the states which had formerly recognized the hegemony of Sparta to transfer their allegiance to the Delian League. Moreover, whereas Persia had been for several years aiding Athens against Sparta, the revolt of the Athenian ally Evagoras (q.v.) Ancient History Encyclopedia. In 463 after a had quarrelled over mining rights in the Strymon valley. Thus the great attempt on the part of Athens to lead a harmonivus league of free Greek states for the good of Hellas degenerated into an empire which proved intolerable to the autonomous states of Greece. In any case the inelastic quality of the Spartan system was unable to adapt itself to the spirit of the new age. Books Furthermore we gather from the Aristoteles inscription and from the 4thcentury orators that Athens imposed democratic constitntions on her allies; indeed Isocrates (Paneg., 106) takes credit for Athens on this ground, and the charter of Erythrae confirms the view (cf. The policy of Athens was mistaken for two reasons: (1) Sparta was not entirely humiliated, and (2) alliance with the land powers of Peloponnese was incalculably dangerous, inasmuch as it involved Athens in enterprises which could not awake the enthusiasm of her maritime allies. For the last years of the league see also PELOPONNESIAN WAR. He is the subject of one of Plutarch’s Lives biographies. ), and G. Grote (the onevol. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. The victory of Philip at Chaeronea in 338 finally destroyed the league. by a certain Thudippus, presumably a henchman of Cleon. 9 0 obj
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There the citizens were enslaved and Cimon set up three Hermes statues in Athens to commemorate the victory. ... With over three hundred members, the Delian League was an alliance with a strong naval component. To Aristides was mainly due the organization of the new leavue and the adiustment of the contributions of the various allies in ships or in money. Help, Ancient History Sourcebook:
Create. This confederacy, which after many modifications and vicissitudes was finally broken up by the capture of Athens by Sparta in 404, was revived in 378-7 (the "Second Athenian Confederacy") as a protection against Spartan aggression, and lasted, at least formally, until the victory of Philip II of Macedon at Chaeronea. Attic. xiii.). 21, 48, 64, 65). endobj
The Dexileos Stele assesses the way that Athenian political thought... What did democracy really mean in Athens? In these years the Athenian sailors reached a high pitch of training, and by their successes strengthened that corporate pride which had been born at Salamis. The peace of Antalcidas or the King's Peace (see ANTALCIDAS; SPARTA) in 386 was a blow to Athens in the interests of Persia and Sparta. By this time, however, the alliance between Thebes and Athens was growing weaker, and Athens, being short of money, concluded a peace with Sparta (probably in July 374), by which the peace of Antalcidas was confirmed and the two states recognized each other as mistress of sea and land respectively. In 457 BCE Cimon did offer his services at Tanagra against a joint force of Sparta and Boeotians but was refused; Athens lost the battle. The maritime allies naturally had no desire to be involved in the quarrels of Sicily, Thessaly and the Peloponnese. Cartwright, Mark. ... Who won the Peloponnese war and why? At all events, it is significant of the success of the main object of the Delian League, the Athenians resigning Cyprus and Egypt, while Persia recognized the freedom of the maritime Greeks of Asia Minor. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. In 346 the peace of Philocrates was made between the league and Philip on terms which were accepted by the Athenian Boule. Some success in Macedonia roused the hostihty of Thebes, and the subsequent attempts on Amphipolis caused the Chalcidians to declare against the Ieague. The fact, though not mentioned by Thucydides, was inferred from Aristophanes (Wasps, 660), Andocides (de Pace, § 9), Plutarch (Aristides, c. 24), and pseudoAndocides (Alcibiad. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/cimon/. The Sunedrion***** of the league is found taking action in several instances, but there is evidence (cf. This susspicion, which was due primarily, no doubt, to the agreement with Sparta, would find confirmation in the subsequent exchange of compliments with Dionys;us I of Syracuse, Sparta's ally, who with his sons received the Athenian citizenship. <>
As a consequence, in 461 BCE, Cimon, who was always thought to have held Spartan sympathies, suffered a vote of ostracism and was exiled from Athens for 10 years. 101) that Thasos had appealed for aid to Sparta, and that the latter was prevented from responding only by earthquake and the Helot revolt. Period 357-338-The latent discontent of the allies was soon fanned into hostility by the intrigues of Mausolus, prince of Cardia, who was anxious to extend his kingdom. Aristides and Cato Major... Plutarch's Cimon and Pericles: With the Funeral Oration of Pericles, The Lives of Miltiades, Cimon, Pausanias, Aristides, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. ",#(7),01444'9=82. By this time, moreover, Philip II of Macedon had begun his career of conquest, and had shattered an embryonic alliance between the league and certain princes of Thrace (Cetriporis), Paeonia (Lyppeius) and Illyria (Grabus). The Thebans at first accepted the terms, but on the day after, realizing that they were thus baiked of their panBoeotian ambition, withdrew and finally severed themselves from the league. x�u�]k�0���@��s��LO����e��X��Ea�������-:�ۜs~�-&o3_/@�)f�9>9#�""mE�!� ��l7B͙�z���i��D�&�n�0��3,7sত/�Y�YO6QI��Ѓ�
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����rl�{��4��:����O��H�9[v��v�#����]��XWg�YYH+� d. Notebook: Cimon and Pero, c. 1635, Attributed to Govaert Flinck, Dutch... Plutarch Lives, II: Themistocles and Camillus. The Second League.-The conditions which led to the second Athenian or Delian Confederacy were fundamentally different, not only in virtue of the fact that the allies had learned from experience the dangers to which such a league was liable, but because the enemy was no longer an oriental power of whose future action there could be no certain anticipation, but Sparta, whose ambitious projects since the fall of Athens had shown that there could be no safety for the smaller states save in combination.
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